Computer Literacy Essay

The PC innovation turned into a significant angle in human lives that is enormously depended upon. These days PCs are made very reasonable and take into consideration simple and quick approach to get to data and take care of issues in day by day life. Life is a constant data trade and mechanical advancement quickens this trade. Notwithstanding, individuals are so trustworthy on PCs that they don't understand the effect it has on education. PC education is fundamental in our advanced society yet with extraordinary points of interest of this expertise come burdens that can negatively affect the three essential aptitudes, for example, perusing, composing and number juggling. Perusing is an ability that is instructed from a youthful age that makes individuals progressively educated and framed in a regular day to day existence. Innovation made access to data straightforward which is the reason numerous individuals go to PCs for news, books and others wellsprings of data. An excursion to a library or a paper shop is a relic of times gone by since everything is accessible readily available in the solace of your own home. Anyway perusing from a PC screen can be much increasingly slow. In the accompanying quote,â€Å"These contrasts in perusing speed are thought to be because of a declined feeling of direction when perusing long queues of online content introduced in single wide columns† it is clear that perusing from a PC screen can influence the perusing speed when contrasting with perusing from the book. An individual can without much of a stretch forget about where they are when perusing from a screen and therefore this can influence understanding of the content. This is obvious in the â€Å"Failure to Connect† by Jane Healy, â€Å"Reading from the screen is more slow, more exhausting, not so much exact, but rather more subject to data over-burden than standard perusing. In a few examinations, understudies tried for appreciation in the wake of perusing from a screen exhibited less understanding and more unfortunate memory than those getting a similar data from a book. They would in general get lost or flip too rapidly through the screens without reading† . When perusing of the PC screen individuals will in general gaze and flicker less causing static gaze which increment risks in eye strain and cerebral pains, while on the paper there is fast and cadenced eye development which essentially causes less strain on the eyes. Perusing printed text gives a peruser time to reflect and envision in this way making a general distinctive condition. Clifford Stoll additionally calls attention to a negative impact of PC education on perusing, he composes â€Å"As PCs supplant reading material, understudies will turn out to be more PC proficient and more book unskilled. They’ll be investigating virtual universes, watching moving triangles, downloading the most recent Web destinations. Be that as it may, they won’t be perusing books† . At the point when PCs were imagined there was a contention that this innovation will hone scholarly abilities and their advancement which to some extent is valid using different educating programming. Anyway it appears that individuals invest more energy in diversion, for example, web based talking and messing around as opposed to exploiting perusing a scholarly book which is surely expected to instruct. Composing is another ability that produces human education. Composing on the PC changes the method of composing and the idea of the connection between the essayist and his composition. â€Å"Writing requires centered consideration, and anything that redirects consideration away from the way toward writing (in especially, pondering what to compose) is going to influence the nature of the work produced† . As referenced by Armstrong and Casement composing requires concentrated consideration and composing on the PC can be very diverting since web based talking programming or different methods for interruptions are just a tick away. Composing can be disappointing now and again since sorting out and communicating your musings is consistently troublesome however it very well may be a lot harder to do utilizing the PC because of interruptions. Work composed utilizing the PC seems unnatural and less significant despite the fact that it is neater. In any case, the written by hand work shows up better sorted out, and has a superior articulation of contemplations as there is no interruption. There is a bit of leeway to auditing a few pages simultaneously when hand composing as opposed to on the PC where you can just observe a page without a moment's delay. Individuals will in general spotlight more on how their work looks giving more consideration to things, for example, text dimension and arrangement as opposed to sorting out their contemplations and what to compose. Numerous individuals imagine that composing helps on the PC are useful for their composition, yet this isn't correct. As Jane Healy says, â€Å"Computers won't themselves show composing skills† , PC should help recorded as a hard copy, however they won't show those aptitudes. Because of the word handling programming a great deal of understudies can't compose plainly and dependably these days. Clifford Stoll made a generally excellent point about composition on the PC, he said â€Å"Instead, you type erase or fix. Your errors don’t show you as well† . Since it is so natural to utilize spell-watch that individuals tend to not focus on their slip-ups and let word handling programming carry out the responsibility. Frequently the product consequently revises botches while composing that an individual doesn't understand he spelled the word erroneously. The pattern of web based talking and text informing likewise hugy affects composing aptitudes because of the utilization of short structures. Math is the third fundamental expertise which creates human rationale. PC isn't an approach to create rationale since it just gives somebody else’s rationale. There are programs which take care of issues and compute answers, however they positively educate nothing. Understudies discover answers to issues on the web or in extraordinary programming without comprehension and controlling the ideas. As the case of this issue, â€Å"The World Wide Web will disclose to me the volume of water behind Egypt’s Aswan Dam †a reality. Undeniably increasingly helpful is to realize how to ascertain this number †a skill† . The utilization of mini-computers can extraordinarily influence the comprehension of numerical connections since understudies go from numbers to answers skirting the essentials of understanding the idea. This is clear in â€Å"High Tech Heretic† by Clifford Stoll, â€Å"No shock that understudies weaned on adding machines can’t duplicate in their minds. They can’t separate. They’re insignificantly conscious of essential arithmetic† . PC projects and adding machines neutralize learning fundamental number juggling and bigly affect the math abilities. Understudies are reliant on PC projects and mini-computers that without the utilization of this innovation, their abilities are exceptionally constrained in light of the fact that they are instructed on the best way to connect the numbers to find solutions without understanding the idea. As another case of a PC program Logo, â€Å"I consider Logo to be an implies that can, on a basic level, be utilized by teachers to help the improvement of better approaches for speculation and learning. In any case, Logo doesn't in itself produce great adapting any longer than paint creates great craftsmanship. † . Logo doesn't fit in scientific abilities, since it is only a program that takes care of the issues. The program makes to accept that there is consistently answer to the critical thinking, where a single tick on the mouse will show you the appropriate response. The awesome point was in the book â€Å"The Cult of Information† by Theodore Roszak, he says â€Å"The issue that AI(Artificial Intelligence) has experienced in seeking after its swelled case are lighting up, if for no other explanation that they uncover the restrictions of the numerical brain when it wanders past the limits of unadulterated explanation †or rather tries to broaden those limits into the genuine world† . Science is an interpretation of issues into a theoretical view where numerical arrangements are changed over into understanding which neither PC programs nor number crunchers can do. These days, there is shockingly a major measure of individuals that don't get the numerical ideas and the rationale of arrangements. PC education affects the three fundamental abilities. There is nothing shown utilizing PCs, with the exception of an awful access of data, the way of its introduction, control, and the simple answers. PC can't bestow data to a human. It can just changes human perspectives to an actual existence. â€Å"They dull the aptitudes we use in regular life† .

Comparing leadership styles and techniques

Looking at administration styles and methods This investigation will appear and finish up whether this announcement is in fact precise or simply one more hypothetical conviction or philosophy among between scholar. In this paper we will take a gander at the significance of both administration and authority, how they contrast in idea and in style, lastly finish up whether this announcement is for sure exact. What is administration? Moorhead and Griffin (1998) characterize authority as both a procedure and property. They state, as a procedure administration includes the utilization of non-coercive impact to direct and arranges the exercises of gathering individuals to meet an objective, and a property they portray initiative as a lot of qualities ascribed to the individuals who the individuals who are seen to utilize such impact effectively. As indicated by Moorhead Griffin (1998), Management requires a comprehension of human conduct, to assist chiefs with bettering fathom those at various levels in the association, those at a similar level, those in other association, and themselves. The board is the arranging, sorting out, driving and controlling of hierarchical assets both viably and effectively so as to at last accomplish objectives set out by an association (Moorhead Griffin, 1998; Adair, 2003). Contrasts among authority and the board: Adair (2003) says, Leadership and the board are not the equivalent. In industry and trade they ought to go together. In government we frequently consider political authority and open assistance the executives, however the last likewise requires great administration. Adair (2003) at that point keeps on posting the accompanying; Administration is tied in with provide guidance, building groups and rousing others by model and word. You can be designated a director however you are not a pioneer until your character and character, your insight and your ability in playing out the elements of administration are perceived and acknowledged by the others in question. This is an extremely central distinction. (Adair, 2003; Moorhead Griffin, 1998) Administration and change go together. Overseeing through running an association is increasingly fitting where there isn't a lot of progress going on. At the point when change is endemic, as it frequently is these days, directors must figure out how to lead it. Pg 71 Overseeing involves the best possible and productive utilization of assets great organization. Great pioneers care about organization, the less great ones dont. The executives has the hint of doing goals set somewhere near another person. Besides, there is nothing in the idea of the executives which infers motivation, making cooperation when it isnt there, or setting a model. At the point when the case motivation and collaboration exist, you may well have supervisors who are essentially pioneers, particularly in the event that they are the wellspring of the motivation. However, it is sadly more regularly the case that administration doesn't ring chimes with regards to individuals. Other unmistakable contrasts brought up by (Adair, 2003) incorporate Heading: A pioneer will discover far forward. The person in question will create an ability to know east from west. That may include recognizing new destinations, new items or administrations and new markets Motivation: Leadership is connected to motivation. The words and case of a pioneer fuel inspiration Building groups: A pioneer will in general think normally as far as group. Gatherings of people are changed into groups. Similarly, groups will in general search for pioneers as opposed to supervisors. Model: Leadership is model. A pioneer will have their own yield or direct commitment to the basic assignment, in this way driving from the front Acknowledgment: You can be delegated a chief, yet you are not so much a pioneer until your arrangement is sanctioned in the hearts and brains of the individuals who work with you. An article by Murray, C. (2010) states and records the accompanying, the chiefs work is to design, compose and organize. The pioneers work is to move and propel. In his 1989 book On Becoming a Leader, Warren Bennis made a rundown out of the distinctions: The administrator controls; the pioneer develops. The administrator is a duplicate; the pioneer is a unique. The administrator keeps up; the pioneer creates. The administrator centers around frameworks and structure; the pioneer centers around individuals. The supervisor depends on control; the pioneer motivates trust. The supervisor has a short-go see; the pioneer has a long-run point of view. The administrator asks how and when; the pioneer asks what and for what good reason. The director has their eye consistently on the reality; the pioneers eye is not too far off. The director mimics; the pioneer begins. The director acknowledges the norm; the pioneer difficulties it. The director is the exemplary acceptable fighter; the pioneer is their own individual. The director does things right; the pioneer makes the best choice. Moorhead Griffin (1998) set out the accompanying table to show the qualification among the board and initiative. Movement The executives Administration Making a motivation Arranging and Budgeting. Setting up subtleties steps and timetables for accomplishing required outcomes; allotting the assets important to cause those required outcomes to occur Setting up bearing. Building up a dream of things to come, frequently the far off future, and procedures for delivering the progressions expected to accomplish that vision Building up a human system for accomplishing the motivation Arranging and staffing. Building up some structure for achieving plan prerequisites, setting up that structure with people, assigning obligation and authority for doing the arrangement, giving strategies and techniques to help control individuals, and making strategies or frameworks to screen usage Adjusting individuals. Imparting the course by words and deeds to every one of those whose collaboration might be expected to impact the making of groups and alliances that comprehend the vision and systems and acknowledge their legitimacy Executing plans Controlling and critical thinking. Observing outcomes versus plan in some detail, distinguishing deviations, and afterward arranging and sorting out to tackle these issue Propelling and rousing. Stimulating individuals to conquer major political, bureaucratic, and asset obstructions to change by fulfilling extremely fundamental, however regularly unfulfilled, human needs Results Produces a level of consistency and request and can possibly reliably create significant outcomes expected by different partners (for example .for clients, continually being on schedule; for investors, being on spending plan) Produces change, frequently to a sensational degree, and can possibly deliver amazingly valuable change (for example , new items that clients need, new ways to deal with lobar relations that help make a firm increasingly serious) Another method of which administration and the board could be recognized is through various styles, The board has three primary classifications of styles: absolutist, paternalistic and just. Despotic (or dictator) directors like to settle on all the significant choices and intently administer and control laborers. Chiefs don't confide in laborers and basically provide orders (single direction correspondence) that they hope to be complied. This methodology gets from the perspectives on Taylor with respect to how to propel laborers and identifies with McGregors hypothesis X perspective on laborers. This methodology has confinements (as featured by other persuasive scholars, for example, Mayo and Herzberg) yet it very well may be powerful in specific circumstances. For instance. At the point when fast choices are required in an organization (for example in a period of emergencies), while controlling enormous quantities of low gifted specialists. Paternalistic supervisors concentrate on the social needs and perspectives on their laborers. Administrators are keen on how upbeat specialists feel and from various perspectives they go about as a dad figure (pater implies father in Latin). They counsel representatives over issues and tune in to their input or sentiments. The administrator will anyway settle on the genuine choices (to the greatest advantage of the laborers) as they accept the staffs despite everything need course and thusly it is still to some degree a despotic methodology. The style is firmly connected with Mayos Human Relation perspective on inspiration and furthermore the social needs of Maslow. Vote based style of the board will place trust in workers and urge them to decide. They will delegate to them the power to do this (strengthening) and tune in to their recommendation. This requires great two-way correspondence and frequently includes law based conversation gatherings, which can offer valuable recommendations and thoughts. Directors must be eager to energize administration aptitudes in subordinates. A definitive fair framework happens when choices are made dependent on the greater part perspective on all laborers. In any case, this isn't possible for most of choices taken by a business-without a doubt one of the reactions of this style is that it can take more time to arrive at a choice. This style has close connections with Herzbergs sparks and Maslows higher request abilities and furthermore applies to McGregors hypothesis Y perspective on laborers. Administration styles incorporate the accompanying Transformational administration Is the arrangement of capacities that permit the pioneer to perceive the requirement for change, to make a dream to manage that change, and to execute that change successfully. (Moorhead Griffin, 1998) Appealling initiative An appealling initiative style is a sort of impact dependent on the pioneers individual magnetism. (Moorhead Griffin, 1998) End: In spite of every one of these distinctions one needs to observe that in this new economy its almost difficult to recognize the two as the two of them cover each other and work connected at the hip, at the end of the day they supplement one another, as Murray A, (2010) brings up that sometime in the past the calling of the supervisor and that of the pioneer could be isolated. A foreman in a modern period production line most likely didnt need to really think about to what he was creating or to the individuals who were delivering it. Their activity was to follow orders, arrange the work, dole out the ideal individuals to the essential assignments, organize the outcomes, and guarantee the activity

2016 Freshman Application FAQ - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

2016 Freshman Application FAQ - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 2016 Freshman Application FAQ It’s mid summer, and questions are beginning to flood in about UGA’s First Year admission process. Here are answers to some of our more frequently asked ones. When can I apply? There is early, and then there is late. The 2016 First Year application first becomes available on September 2. Please know that, while there is a HUGE penalty for missing our application and document deadlines, we give no admission benefit or prize for being among the first to submit the application. Take your time. (Just don’t wait until the week before the deadline when most mistakes are made!). All EA decisions will be released in late November or early December. The file completion deadlines for EA and RD will be one week after the application deadlines. I plan to apply Early Action. What is the last ACT/SAT exam date you will accept for Early Action (EA)? We will only be able to use SAT/ACT scores for tests taken by the October 15 EA deadline. For us to receive your scores in time, you must designate UGA as an automatic recipient when you register for the exam. We are fine with the SAT or ACT or both scores, and we superscore the individual exams, and use whichever test is strongest (see our post on UGA and test scores). Do I have to complete the essays if I am applying for Fall 2016 as a First Year student? It depends. Are you applying Early Action or Regular Decision? Early Action applicants do not have to complete the short essays, but Regular Decision and deferred Early Action applications will need to complete the short essays for admission. Regular Decision/Deferred Early Action also requires a teacher recommendation and allows you to submit your first term senior grades. How long does it take to fill out the application? Most students say it takes longer than they thought it would, so be encouraged by the fact that you don’t have to complete the application in one sitting. Once you create your UGA “ApplicantID”, you can save your work and come back later to complete the application and make any corrections. Warning: Once you agree to the UGA Honor Code and choose submit at the bottom of that final page, you cannot return to make changes or corrections to your application. As well, you need to complete a payment option (check/waiver or credit card) to finalize the submission of the application. What will I need when I sit at my computer to I apply? Great question! We suggest you have four documents available: (1) SSN card, (2) resume, (3) copy of your latest HS transcript, and (4) fee payment information. You absolutely must give us your correct Social Security Number (please proofread it). We ask you to list your honors, activities, leadership, and work experiences which you may have already collected for a resume. You need to accurately report the college prep curriculum you’re taking and the grades youve earned. And finally, to complete the application you must give us payment information, ideally from a credit card. Should I apply Early Action or Regular Decision? We can’t tell you which decision plan is right for you. That decision should be made by you with the help of your family and high school counselor. Read our Regular Decision vs. Early Action page here. What items do I need to submit if I am applying EA or RD? I suggest you review the Deadlines Required Items page for more details, and do not wait until the last minute to take care of things! Do my AP/IB grades count towards my GPA? When UGA recalculates your GPA from the self-reported grades on the application and a review of your transcript, we will add 1 point to each AP grade (so a B which is a 3.0 becomes a 4.0), unless your school already adds points to your actual teacher grade (for instance, an 85 becomes a 95 on the transcript). We do not look at the GPA calculated on the HS transcript, but instead focus on the actual grades. We calculate the GPA based on grades in the areas of English, Math, Science, Social Sciences and Foreign Languages, and as well any AP/IB courses that are non-core (such as AP Computer Science or IB Theory of Knowledge). Have your post junior year transcript available and review the self-reported grades section carefully, then fill in the information as best as you can. What if I am from Out-of-State and am not taking a fourth year of science in HS? The state of Georgia, and therefore UGA, are flexible for out-of-state students when it comes to the fourth science requirement. We will use a science course from the 8th grade if is a HS course, and as well there are a number of HS courses that can be used aside from the standard science courses (please see the states Staying on Course document). You also do not need to get us documentation of the 8th grade science course until you decide that you will enroll at UGA, and you would have it sent with a final HS transcript showing senior grades and a graduation date. I have heard a number of rumors about UGA admissions. What is true and what is not? The best way to learn about the myths that surround UGA, and as well the actual truth, is to go to our Top 10 Admissions Urban Legends page. We hope this FAQ helps. Please post any questions you have, and I will try to answer them as best as possible and update this page if needed. Go Dawgs!

2016 Freshman Application FAQ - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

2016 Freshman Application FAQ - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 2016 Freshman Application FAQ It’s mid summer, and questions are beginning to flood in about UGA’s First Year admission process. Here are answers to some of our more frequently asked ones. When can I apply? There is early, and then there is late. The 2016 First Year application first becomes available on September 2. Please know that, while there is a HUGE penalty for missing our application and document deadlines, we give no admission benefit or prize for being among the first to submit the application. Take your time. (Just don’t wait until the week before the deadline when most mistakes are made!). All EA decisions will be released in late November or early December. The file completion deadlines for EA and RD will be one week after the application deadlines. I plan to apply Early Action. What is the last ACT/SAT exam date you will accept for Early Action (EA)? We will only be able to use SAT/ACT scores for tests taken by the October 15 EA deadline. For us to receive your scores in time, you must designate UGA as an automatic recipient when you register for the exam. We are fine with the SAT or ACT or both scores, and we superscore the individual exams, and use whichever test is strongest (see our post on UGA and test scores). Do I have to complete the essays if I am applying for Fall 2016 as a First Year student? It depends. Are you applying Early Action or Regular Decision? Early Action applicants do not have to complete the short essays, but Regular Decision and deferred Early Action applications will need to complete the short essays for admission. Regular Decision/Deferred Early Action also requires a teacher recommendation and allows you to submit your first term senior grades. How long does it take to fill out the application? Most students say it takes longer than they thought it would, so be encouraged by the fact that you don’t have to complete the application in one sitting. Once you create your UGA “ApplicantID”, you can save your work and come back later to complete the application and make any corrections. Warning: Once you agree to the UGA Honor Code and choose submit at the bottom of that final page, you cannot return to make changes or corrections to your application. As well, you need to complete a payment option (check/waiver or credit card) to finalize the submission of the application. What will I need when I sit at my computer to I apply? Great question! We suggest you have four documents available: (1) SSN card, (2) resume, (3) copy of your latest HS transcript, and (4) fee payment information. You absolutely must give us your correct Social Security Number (please proofread it). We ask you to list your honors, activities, leadership, and work experiences which you may have already collected for a resume. You need to accurately report the college prep curriculum you’re taking and the grades youve earned. And finally, to complete the application you must give us payment information, ideally from a credit card. Should I apply Early Action or Regular Decision? We can’t tell you which decision plan is right for you. That decision should be made by you with the help of your family and high school counselor. Read our Regular Decision vs. Early Action page here. What items do I need to submit if I am applying EA or RD? I suggest you review the Deadlines Required Items page for more details, and do not wait until the last minute to take care of things! Do my AP/IB grades count towards my GPA? When UGA recalculates your GPA from the self-reported grades on the application and a review of your transcript, we will add 1 point to each AP grade (so a B which is a 3.0 becomes a 4.0), unless your school already adds points to your actual teacher grade (for instance, an 85 becomes a 95 on the transcript). We do not look at the GPA calculated on the HS transcript, but instead focus on the actual grades. We calculate the GPA based on grades in the areas of English, Math, Science, Social Sciences and Foreign Languages, and as well any AP/IB courses that are non-core (such as AP Computer Science or IB Theory of Knowledge). Have your post junior year transcript available and review the self-reported grades section carefully, then fill in the information as best as you can. What if I am from Out-of-State and am not taking a fourth year of science in HS? The state of Georgia, and therefore UGA, are flexible for out-of-state students when it comes to the fourth science requirement. We will use a science course from the 8th grade if is a HS course, and as well there are a number of HS courses that can be used aside from the standard science courses (please see the states Staying on Course document). You also do not need to get us documentation of the 8th grade science course until you decide that you will enroll at UGA, and you would have it sent with a final HS transcript showing senior grades and a graduation date. I have heard a number of rumors about UGA admissions. What is true and what is not? The best way to learn about the myths that surround UGA, and as well the actual truth, is to go to our Top 10 Admissions Urban Legends page. We hope this FAQ helps. Please post any questions you have, and I will try to answer them as best as possible and update this page if needed. Go Dawgs!

Rebellion in The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood Essay

Rebellion in The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood Rebel is a term, which is highly weighed down with emotion. In society today we perceive a rebel to be a figure opposing a much stronger majority. We distinguish the rebel to be a character who fights for his/her own ideals. We see a person that will do anything almost being ruthless to destroy the boundaries set up against him/her by the stronger mass. We witness the rebel as an individual who deliberately defines a battlefield and two fighting fronts. The rebel is constantly is resisting. The only way he/she can defend his morals and values are to strike the greater that condemns his/her values and morals. Unfortunately today there are many misconceptions and†¦show more content†¦As one can see from the name, this societys absolute moral backbone is formed by Christian fundamentalism. Radiation and chemicals have contaminated the physical world in which this society dwells. As a result the fertility rate has drastically reduced the fertility rate. The government has introd uced handmaids, who are young fertile females whose job is to act as surrogate mothers. They basically are wombs on two legs. If they fail to conceive three times, they guaranteed death by working at the colonies. The reader follows the life of a handmaid called Offred. We witness how Offred distances herself from the system day to day. Our protagonist Offred is a character, which we can easily categorise. It is hard to perceive Offred as a rebel. However if Offred is at all to be labelled a rebel she must belong to the class of rebels that act passively. During the novel there are only a small number of occasions where Offred acts actively. There is great contrast set up by Atwood to emphasise Offreds inert behaviour. Atwood presents to us the character called Moira. Moira is Offreds best friend. I feel that I recognise Moira to be the active rebel. Moira is the one who goes on demonstrations. Moira is the one who from the first step into the red centre wants to leave it. Moira cannot see any boundaries. She is the one who escapes the red centre. She is character that does not respect authority. Moira is aShow MoreRelatedThe Handmaids Tale Gender Inequality Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesHandmaid’s Tale and Women in Modern Day Society Picture being in a world where women no longer have the freedom to purchase items, instead all of their money can be found in their husband’s account. This is the life of the Handmaids; their lives reflect those of slaves because they can’t go anywhere alone, have no money of their own, and live in constant fear of being sent to the Colonies. Small parts of gender equality can be seen in today’s society. 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The Usefulness Of The Canadian Senate - 1687 Words

David C. Docherty’s scholarly journal responds to the continual controversy and debate of the usefulness of the Canadian senate in 2002. Docherty’s article does an amazing job at analyzing the current Canadian senate and argues that the senate is a failing Canadian institution because of two democratic deficiencies: the undemocratic nature of senator selection and the inability of senators to represent provinces properly (45). These two features of why the senate is a failing Canadian institution can be compared to how Rand Dyck defines democracy in Canadian Politics: Critical Approaches. Docherty looks at several previous senate reforms and answers the question of why these senate reforms failed, in doing so Docherty lays down a framework for a possible successful senate reform but acknowledges the obstacles. Docherty does a very good job at accessing the problem of the senate, accessing the problem of previous reforms, and suggesting a plausible type of reform for the senate. This provides the reader with the knowledge of why the Canadian senate is a failing institution but also the possible solutions of how the senate can be reformed in order to maximize its democratic potential. Although, Docherty fails to provide an exact reform that needs to be taken, he just draws upon other failures and hypothesis that this may be the right solution for reform. Rand Dyck’s chapter 11 fills in the missing gap of reform that needs to be taken by drawing upon one of the best attempts atShow MoreRelatedSenate Reform2136 Words   |  9 Pagescountry. Conversely, the upper house, the Senate, according to Section 24 of the Constitution Act (1867), states: â€Å"The Governor General shall†¦ summon qualified Persons to the Senate; and†¦ every Person so summoned shall become†¦ a Member of the Senate.†[1] This has amounted to almost 800 Canadians being appointed to the Senate since Confederation. 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Defining the Soul in Walt Whitmans Song of Myself Essay

Every sentence in Walt Whitmans Song of Myself tends to either repeat or contradict. He even says of himself, I contradict myself (Lauter, p. 2793). This can make Whitmans poetry a little confusing to some. In his many stanzas, definition of the soul is ambiguous and somewhat contradictory. Whitman says, Clear and sweet is my soul....and clear and sweet is all that is not my soul (Lauter, p. 2745). What I believe Whitman is saying here is that his soul and everything else that is not his soul, including the souls of others, is clear and sweet. He goes on to say in the lines following, Lacks one lacks both... (Lauter, p. 2745). In other words, a soul cannot be clear if it is not sweet and a soul cannot be sweet†¦show more content†¦This line is an example of his use of contradiction because he also says that his soul cannot exceed the other parts of himself. Whitman writes that he, as a poet, represents the body and that he is the poet of the soul (Lauter, p.2759). In other words, his poetry represents the body and the soul, but since we are more interested in the soul, we will focus on that. Remember, also, Whitmans poetry is often contradictory. He says in the following lines, The pleasures of heaven are with me, and the pains of hell are with me (Lauter, p. 2759). I believe what Whitman is saying here is that his soul includes both pleasure and pain. But, in the very next line he says that he has brought pleasure on himself and the pain he feels he translates into a new tongue (Lauter, p. 2759). The tongue refers to here is his poetry. To tie this altogether, his poetry represents the soul, particularly pleasure and pain. He takes the pain from his soul and translates it into poetry. Therefore, his poetry represents his soul. According to Whitman the soul neither completes nor delights a person. He reiterates this by saying, All forces have been steadily employed to complete and delight me, Now I stand on this spot with my soul (Lauter, p. 2787). Here the soul is separate from delight - the soul does not make man happy. Nor does it complete a person. Rather, it is waiting to be completed. Whitman writesShow MoreRelatedWalt Whitman And Allen Ginsbergs Poetry1332 Words   |  6 Pagesyour inner moonlight; don t hide the madness. You say what you want to say when you don t care who s listening.† Walt Whitman was a brilliant writer of his time, a writer that created a voice for the masses to no longer be a mass, but an individual. He was truly a pioneer of his generation, a revolutionary in thought, and this is not his quote. 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King Lear Disruption of Order in King Lear and t Essay Example For Students

King Lear Disruption of Order in King Lear and t Essay he CausesShakespeares King Lear is a play which shows the consequences of one mans decisions. The audience follows the main character, Lear, as he makes decisions that disrupt order in his Kingdom. When Lear surrenders all his power and land to his daughters as a reward for their demonstration of love towards him, the breakdown on order in evident. Lears first mistake is to divide his Kingdom into three parts. A Kingdom is run best under one ruler as only one decision is made without contradiction. Another indication that order is disrupted is the separation of Lears family. Lears inability to control his anger causes him to banish his youngest daughter, Cordelia, and loyal servant, Kent. This foolish act causes Lear to become vulnerable to his other two daughters as they conspire against him. Lastly, the transfer of power from Lear to his eldest and middle daughter, Goneril and Regan, reveals disorder as a result of the division of the Kingdom. A Kingdom without order is a Kingdom in chaos. When order is disrupted in King Lear, the audience witnesses chaotic events that Lear endures, eventually learning who truly loves him. At the start of the play, Lear decides to divide his Kingdom into three. Give me the map there. Know we have divided In three our Kingdom and tis our fast intent to Shake all cares and business from our age. (I,i,37-39) This is the first indication that order is disrupted. Dividing up a Kingdom politically has many disadvantages that Lear does not realize. A Kingdom divided mens there will be more than one ruler and a difference of opinion will occur. There will always be disagreements and arguments which may end in haste, creating tension between the rulers. Also, the pieces of land will eventually have to be divided again as generations pass, which allows for easy attacks. Although Lear may feel he had a good reason to divide his land, there really is no rational reason for his action. He only divided his land so he could be showered with loving words from his daughters. His desire to fuel his ego by abdicating his throne and using his property as a reward eventually causes him to lose everything, including his family. Dividing the Kingdom is not the only indication that order is disrupted. The separation of Lears family also provide evidence that disorder is inevitable. The banishment of Cordelia and Kent is a harsh act carried out by Lear while blinded by anger. By banishing the only daughter who truly loves him, and a loyal servant who refuses to stand around and do nothing while Lear makes a big mistake, Lear surrounds himself with people who only loved him for his money and power. As Lears family breaks apart, one must wonder if Lear is capable of ruling a country when he cannot even keep his family together. Again, Lears desire to fuel his ego is the cause of the separation of his family. When Cordelia refuses to speak lovingly, Unhappy that I am. I cannot heave My heart into my mouth. (I,i,92-94), Lear becomes angered and banishes her. As an act of loyalty, Kent stands up for Cordelia and questions Lears decision, because he feels that Lear is making a big mistake. For that reason, Lear also banishes Kent and as a result, the people who truly love him are kicked out of his life, leaving him vulnerable to Goneril and Regan. As the play proceeds, Regan and Goneril rise in status in the Kingdom, while Lears presence and authority as King becomes insignificant. .ud33050ede4fd03a449c153b229a81ade , .ud33050ede4fd03a449c153b229a81ade .postImageUrl , .ud33050ede4fd03a449c153b229a81ade .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud33050ede4fd03a449c153b229a81ade , .ud33050ede4fd03a449c153b229a81ade:hover , .ud33050ede4fd03a449c153b229a81ade:visited , .ud33050ede4fd03a449c153b229a81ade:active { border:0!important; } .ud33050ede4fd03a449c153b229a81ade .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud33050ede4fd03a449c153b229a81ade { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud33050ede4fd03a449c153b229a81ade:active , .ud33050ede4fd03a449c153b229a81ade:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud33050ede4fd03a449c153b229a81ade .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud33050ede4fd03a449c153b229a81ade .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud33050ede4fd03a449c153b229a81ade .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud33050ede4fd03a449c153b229a81ade .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud33050ede4fd03a449c153b229a81ade:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud33050ede4fd03a449c153b229a81ade .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud33050ede4fd03a449c153b229a81ade .ud33050ede4fd03a449c153b229a81ade-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud33050ede4fd03a449c153b229a81ade:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: History No title got an A on it! A case for Essay This is an indication that order is disrupted, because traditionally the oldest person in the family is in control. Only when the King dies, do his children take over his reign. Lears insignificance is shown in a conversation with Oswald, a servant to Goneril. Lear: Who am I, sir? Oswald: My Ladys father. Lear: My Ladys father! My lords knave! (I, iv, 74-76) Lear is greatly insulted by that comment as he is the King of England, not just his daughters father. Oswalds comment suggests that Gonerial has a higher rank than Lear. Lears insignificance is a result of his own actions. When he banished Cordelia and Kent, he allowed himself to be vulnerable to Goneril and Regans conspiracy, which was indicated in their conversation. Pray you let us hit together. If our father Carry authority with such disposition as he bears, this last surrender of his will but offend us. (I, i, 322-324) Predicting that their father will likely pose a threat for them, Goneril and Regan plot against their father so he becomes helpless like a young child. Lears flaw to believe every word his daughters speak was a contribution to his downfall. As order is important to a Kingdom, so is the ability to maintain that order. As demonstrated in Acts I and II of King Lear, order is disrupted as a result of Lears decision to divide the Kingdom, banish his daughter and loyal servant, and his daughters rise to the top. All these factors contribute to the disruption of order as Lear act on foolish mistakes. As the audience watches, Lear struggles through hardships to try and get the order back into the Kingdom he once ruled.

Battle Tactics essays

Battle Tactics essays Much of what we now understand about war and tactics has been gleaned from centuries of history birthed in the Greco-Roman experience. Not only did Greek and Roman culture lead directly into later European theory by inspiring the tactical writers and thinkers of the Rennaissance and its history become a textbook case for latter strategical study, it also had a directly hands-on influence on the Western approach to war. It is hard to find a nation in Europe or Eurasia whose natives did not both train under the direct military guidance of Rome and gain further combat experience in turn fighting against Roman troops. The so-called barbarians of the Roman era, after all, were destined to become the predominate races of medieval and modern Europe, and the ideals of Imperial Rome inextricably bound up with the morality of the dominant European religious structure. (King, 2004; Sazerac, 2002) So it should not be surprising that there is much to be learned from Greco-Roman tactical history, and much that may be applied to the modern world. In particular, parallels may be drawn between the constant warfare between the urban Greco-Roman world and the nomadic barbarian cultures that surrounded it, and the modern counter-insurgency and anti-terrorist "small wars" that engage the attention of the American super-power it seems entirely plausible that if one understood what aspect of the barbarian strategy dissassembled the powerful Greco-Roman civilization, one would be prepared to offer powerful advice regarding the tactics of modern American military movements. To truly understand the difference between the barbarian and the Roman strategies, one must first understand that their tactics were rooted in different primary requirements for success. At the risk of making a sweeping generalization, it seems that Rome (like Greece or Egypt before it) was defined by its urban centers an...

Meaning of Winter Solstice in Geography

Meaning of Winter Solstice in Geography The time around December 21 or 22 is a very important day for our planet and its relationship with the sun. December 21 is one of two solstices, days when the rays of the sun directly strike one of the two tropical latitude lines. In 2018 at precisely 5:23 p.m. EST (22:23Â  UTC) on December 21, 2018 winter begins in the Northern Hemisphere and summer begins in the Southern Hemisphere. Why the Winter Solstice Occurs The earth spins around its axis, an imaginary line going right through the planet between the north and south poles. The axis is tilted somewhat off the plane of the earths revolution around the sun. The tilt of the axis is 23.5 degrees; thanks to this tilt, we enjoy the four seasons. For several months of the year, one-half of the earth receives more direct rays of the sun than the other half. The earths axis always points to the same point in the universe. When the axis points away from the sun from December to March (because of the relative location of the earth to the sun), the southern hemisphere enjoys the direct rays of the sun during their summer months. Alternatively, when the axis tilts towards the sun, as it does between June and September, it is summer in the northern hemisphere but winter in the southern hemisphere. December 21 is called the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere and simultaneously the summer solstice in the Southern Hemisphere. On June 21 the solstices are reversed and summer begins in the northern hemisphere. On December 21, there are 24 hours of daylight south of the Antarctic Circle (66.5Â ° south of the equator) and 24 hours of darkness north of the Arctic Circle (66.5Â ° north of the equator). The suns rays are directly overhead along the Tropic of Capricorn (the latitude line at 23.5Â ° south, passing through Brazil, South Africa, and Australia) on December 21. Without the tilt of the earths axis, we would have no seasons. The suns rays would be directly overhead of the equator all year long. Only a slight change would occur as the earth makes its slightly elliptical orbit around the sun. The earth is furthest from the sun about July 3; this point is known as the aphelion and the earth is 94,555,000 miles away from the sun. The perihelion takes place around January 4 when the earth is a mere 91,445,000 miles from the sun. When summer occurs in a hemisphere, it is due to that hemisphere receiving more direct rays of the sun than the opposite hemisphere where it is winter. In winter, the suns energy hits the earth at oblique angles and is thus less concentrated. During spring and fall, the earths axis is pointing sideways so both hemispheres have moderate weather and the rays of the sun are directly overhead the equator. Between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5Â ° latitude south) there really are no seasons as the sun is never very low in the sky so it stays warm and humid (tropical) year-round. Only those people in the upper latitudes north and south of the tropics experience seasons.

Social and Emotional Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social and Emotional Learning - Essay Example †¢ Social emotional learning in schools is best achieved when they are programmed. That is to say that the social emotional learning should be institutionalized to have a core and recognized place in the curriculum of the school. The process of coding the social emotional learning needs of students into the school’s curriculum is referred to as social emotional learning programming; and the specific activities that fall under the social emotional learning programming are known as social emotional learning programs. †¢ Roberts (2009) identifies some social emotional learning programs that could commonly be used in out schools and that are equally replicable in this particular school. But even before spelling out the specific social and emotional learning programs that can be implemented in schools, she cautions each of the programs should be able to â€Å"†provide some compensation, often working with parents and the local community† and that this should indeed be the sole basis for judging the viability of any named social and emotional learning program (p. 17). †¢ Based on the criteria given above, the following forms of social and emotional learning programs are identified and briefly outlined on how they function in the school system. The programs include citizenship education, Early Training Project, Penn Resiliency Programme (PRP), personal social and health education (PSHE), Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning (SEAL), the Carolina Abecedarian Project, and the Milwaukee Projects (p. 17-25). These social and emotional learning programs are used in different parts of the world; particularly in the United States of America and in the United Kingdom. Depending on where these programs are found, they are implemented in different forms. In the cases of the Early Training Project, the Carolina Abecedarian Project and the Milwaukee Projects, a lot of the attention and focus is on children from poor socio-economic families. Indeed, these forms of social and emotional learning programs cannot be underestimated in anyway because given an y realistic international schools system; there is the likelihood that not all the children would be of equal socio-economic standing. Indeed, it is true to admit that in most cases, students from low-class socio-economic homes form the majority in most schools and thus adapting these programs for any model schools would be a step in the right direction. Research conducted on the viability and validity of the three programs namely the Early Training Project, the Carolina Abecedarian Project and the Milwaukee Projects found that even though the programs did not play significant roles in improving the intelligent quotients of the students involved, the students benefited greatly in terms of school and college attainment, social skills and behaviour. (p. 17). This is indeed an achievement that cannot be underestimated in any way. This is because the research further stated that coupled with motivation, the social and emotional learning programs did so well in ‘reducing the impact on crime and improve health and employment prospects† (p. 17). Other forms of social and emotional learning programs are equally viable. These are the personal social and health education (PSHE) and citizenship education. These two programs are common in England. These two progra

HR Law Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

HR Law Research Paper - Essay Example For example, the law prohibits the employers to discriminate an employee or deny him or her opportunity to benefits from the privileges of employment on the bases of sex, religion and color. This paper seeks to discuss Title VII and sexual harassment including Quid Pro Quo, Hostile Work Environment and Court Decisions. Title VII specifies that a violation is undertaken only when a sexual conduct is on the conditions of employment. One of the major types of sexual harassment is quid pro quo. This kind of harassment takes place when hiring, promotion, grading and salary increment among other aspects are based on the employee’s submission or rejection of sexual favors and advances. This implies that for a quid pro quo to occur, an employee is required to submit to sexual harassment from his or her seniors in order to be advantaged in the work places. In the same way, hostile work environment as depicted by Title VII occurs when harassment at the work place interferes with the duties of the employees thus altering their performance. It also occurs when the working environment is characterized by abusive and offensive language. To determine whether a working environment is hostile, Title VII depicts that an examination should be conducted to ascertain whether or not the conduct was physical or v erbal. Secondly, it is imperative to examine if the conduct was done on regular bases. Thirdly, as a manager I should conduct an examination as to whether the conduct was patently offensive or hostile. Fourthly, it is vital to examine whether the harassment in instigated by a supervisor or a co-workers. Fifthly, as a manager I need to examine whether other employees or supervisors of various departments were perpetrated in the harassment. Even though Title VII does not explicitly differentiate between hostile work harassment and quid pro quo, the application and the distinctions between these two forms of sexual harassment

Physical Impacts of Alcohol Abuse

Physical Impacts of Alcohol Abuse Alcohol use and abuse can affect the liver, central nervous system and the kidneys. The result of the constant use of alcohol can be noted and examined in patients using numerous methods. These methods utilize the body’s reaction towards alcohol using biochemical markers like ÃŽ ³-glutamyl tranferase (GGT), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Although biochemical markers can easily tell the clinician about the use and abuse of alcohol, genetic markers may also contribute to the dependence of alcohol. Alcohol use and abuse is associated with multiple illnesses such as cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis. Alcohol consumption has many negative effects that increase with age, ranging from short term reactions like dehydration and ethanol poisoning to chronic reactions like liver failure and alcoholic fatty liver disease. The result of alcohol consumption is reactive changes in the body such as an increase of enzymatic activity and concentration as well as the decrease of enzymatic activity and concentration due to tissue destruction. The enzyme ÃŽ ³-glutamyl tranferase (GGT) activity is one of the most sensitive tests for alcohol use. The enzymes activity rises when there is acute hepatocellular damage present commonly is patients with alcoholic liver disease (G. Bbosa, D. Kyegombe, W. Anokbonggo, A. Lubega, A. Mugisha and J. Ogwal-Okeng, 2014). GGT is such a sensitive marker that the levels will also be increased even if no hepatic or biliary damage is present in the patient suffering from alcoholism. GGT levels increase drastically in the serum of patients abusing alcohol chronically, an increase of 2-3 times the normal value is most commonly present (S. Kavitha, V. Venkatraman and K. Jeyaprakash, 2013). GGT serum levels can also be raised in patients with digestive disorders and mostly only indicates alcoholism in patients who abuse the substance excessively. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are more commonly decreased in older patients suffering from alcoholism than in younger patients and are used rather as a confirmation marker than an initial indicator. The HDL-C levels in the serum will be decreased in the patients presenting with alcohol abuse (S. Kavitha, V. Venkatraman and K. Jeyaprakash, 2013). The enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AST) can be used to indicate alcoholic liver disease and cirrhosis, but proves difficult to provide accurate results in the absence of liver damage. The enzyme is also found in multiple other organs like the brain and the kidneys and is more likely to be used as a confirmation of liver disease than a definitive diagnosis (D. Adler, 2013). The levels of AST in the patients’ serum will be increased up to 4 times the normal ranges in cases of liver damage. The increased AST levels, when indicating alcoholic liver disease, is most likely due to cellular necrosis due to excessive alcohol consumption. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is overly produced in patients with hepatic injury and in alcoholic patients (M. Hyder, M. Hasan and A. Mohieldein, 2013). The disadvantage of this test in that the levels only significantly increases if severe hepatic damage is already present, but the major advantage is that ALT is only present in the liver (R. Van Dyke, 2012). ALT will be increased 4-6X in cases of alcoholic cirrhosis and 7-10X in cases of alcoholism with alcoholic liver disease. The ratio of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) can also indicate alcoholic liver disease with a ratio greater than 2:1 with respect to AST:ALT. This result is mostly due to low ALT levels in the serum because of hepatic necrosis, pyridoxal-5’-phosphate deficiency or mitochondrial AST leakage (M. Adak, A. Thakur and K. Adhikari, 2012). The ratio is mostly used as an affirmative test as the ratio only rises above 2 in severe cases of alcoholic liver disease. Sialic acid Genetic predispositions to alcoholism have not been completely identified, but studies have indicated genes that may be responsible. These genes are known as the Mpdz, the Kcnj9 and the GABRA2 genes. Although these genes are used theoretical markers rather than actual indicator to alcohol dependence there is a correlation between the severity of the withdrawal symptoms and the risk of alcohol dependence (K. Buck, L. Milner, D. Denmark, S. Grant and L. Kozell, 2012). The GABRA2 gene is located on chromosome 4p12 and regulates the production of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) which acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2014). Alcohol can affect the signalling pathway of the GABA system if a variation is present in the GABRA2 gene increasing the pleasure derived from the consumption of alcohol above normal levels which can greatly increase the risk of alcoholism in the persons who have this variation (D. Dick and A. Agrawal, 2008). Alcoholism poses a serious health threat to the medical community causing many serious complications in a healthy lifestyle. Testing for GGT is seen as the most sensitive test, but has the one drawback of having quite a bit of interferences, which can be cancelled out if brought into the equation. ALT and AST tests the livers general homeostasis and should rather be handled as a complimentary test along with a test such as GGT in order to confirm a diagnosis. Genetic markers for alcohol abuse have not been fully discovered as of yet, although a variation in GABRA2 is known to increase the risk of alcohol dependence due to its effects on the GABA pathway when alcohol is consumed. References: G. Bbosa, D. Kyegombe, W. Anokbonggo, A. Lubega, A. Mugisha and J. Ogwal-Okeng. (2014). Chronic Alcohol Consumption Affects Serum Enzymes Levels in the HIV-Infected Patients on Stavudine (d4T)/Lamivudine (3TC)/Nevirapine (NVP) Treatment Regimen. Pharmacology Pharmacy. 1 (5), 181-194. M. Adak, A. Thakur and K. Adhikari. (2012). Study of Biochemical Markers in Alcoholic Liver Disease: Hospital-Based Case Control Study. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 3 (3), 987-995. S. Kavitha, V. Venkatraman and K. Jeyaprakash. (2013). Biochemical Markers and Age Onset Involved In Heavy Alcoholism.  Asian Journal of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 4 (1), 80-87. D. Adler. (2013). The Difficulty of using a Biological Marker for Alcohol Use: A Recent Historical Overview.  Sound Neuroscience: An Undergraduate Neuroscience Journal. 1 (1), 1-8. K. Buck, L. Milner, D. Denmark, S. Grant and L. Kozell. (2012). Discovering genes Involved in Alcohol Dependence and other Alcohol responses Role of Animal Models.  Alcohol Research: Current Reviews. 367-374. U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2014).  GABRA2.  Available: http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/GABRA2. Last accessed 02 September 2014. D. Dick and A. Agrawal. (2008). The Genetics of Alcohol and Other Drug Dependence.  Alcohol Research Health. 31 (2), 111-118. R. Van Dyke. (2012). Liver Tests: Use and Interpretation.  Open Michigan. 1 (1), 1-60. M. Hyder, M. Hasan and A. Mohieldein. (2013). Comparative Levels of ALT, AST, ALP and GGT in Liver associated Diseases.  European Journal of Experimental Biology. 3 (2), 280-284.

Robotics in the Medical Field Essay -- Robotic Surgery, Technology Ad

The medical field has revolutionized the health and well being of society. Throughout the decades, the medical field has been through sweeping changes that leave society astonished. It seems like each year that passes by, there is a new technological advancement that modernizes the medical field. Not only do these advancements modernize medicine, but they in return aid doctors, nurses, and specialists by improving their effectiveness within the field. About ten years ago, the da Vinci Surgical System was introduced to hospitals and the medical field, in general because the FDA had finally approved the system within the United States (Dunkin). The da Vinci Surgical System, also known basically as robotic surgery, introduced the use of a surgical robot, which is operated by the doctor himself using a controlled manipulator (Declan et al.). Prior to the invention of robot-assisted surgeries, most surgeons simply did a typical laparoscopic surgery on a patient. Laparoscopic surgery is â €Å"a type of surgery performed through several small incisions, rather than one (or more) large ones as in standard "open" surgery† (Schmitz). Through the development of superior technology, such as the surgical robot; it brought about changes that effected doctors, patients, and the medical world. A robot-assisted surgery demonstrates how far America and the whole world have come in means of technology within a particular working field. The necessity for a more superior technology within hospital settings are best supported by the development of the da Vinci Surgical System. In 1991, when the surgical system was introduced to the globe, many acknowledged that this system improved three different aspects of regular laparoscopic surgery: it gave doctor... ...y within a medical setting has stepped away from the shadows and into a brighter future with the development of the da Vinci Surgical System in the medical world. Before the surgical robot, doctors or surgeons would have had to make several incisions to their patient’s body, which would cause the patients recovery to be elongated and possibly painful. The da Vinci Surgical System allows surgeons to make smaller, less visible incisions to the patient’s body and have a better precision during the procedure. Throughout several years, surgeons relied on their typical laparoscopic surgery to be able to provide patients with the procedures that required them to make large incisions through the patient’s abdomen. Nowadays, surgeons and their patients can have a sigh of relief because the surgical robot provides surgeons with the precision that they long strived for.

Warhol: the Flatness of Fame

THANK YOU all for being here this brisk March afternoon. I’d like to thank the GRAM for the invitation to speak in conjunction with such a wonderful exhibition, and especially Jean Boot for all of her diligent coordination on my behalf. (There are 3 parts to my presentation. First, a virtual tutorial on the process of screen-printing; secondly, a discussion of the formal and conceptual potential inherent to printmaking, and the way in which Warhol expertly exploited that potential. Finally, I will conclude with an actual demonstration of screen-printing in the Museum’s basement studio. In coming weeks, you’ll have an opportunity to hear much more about the cultural-historical context for Andy Warhol’s work from two exceptional area scholars, beginning next Friday evening with a lecture by my colleague at GV, Dr. Kirsten Strom, and on _______ Susan Eberle of Kendall College of Art & Design. As Jean indicated in her introduction, I teach drawing and printmak ing at GVSU. In other words, I’m approaching Warhol’s work very much as a studio artist. As a printmaker in particular, I’m predisposed to note the large degree (great extent? to which the innate characteristics of the medium – in this case screen-printing – enable and inform the meaning of Warhol’s work. At the outset of each printmaking course I teach at Grand Valley, I provide students a brief overview of the social history of the print; I divulge its rich heritage in the service of dispensing and preserving our (collected cultural discourse, from†¦) verbal and pictorial languages, knowledge and history, cultural discourse, from ancient scripture to textile design to political critique. In addition I cite the formal qualities specific to the print – multiplicity, mutability, and its recombinant capabilities. I open with this background as a means of framing the work students will produce in the course. I’d like to provide a similar overview here, as a means of framing the work of Warhol, which is so richly informed by the native characteristics of his processes. As the expression goes: the medium is the message; form and content are inseparable. First I offer a brief tutorial on the process of screen-print, in the hopes of providing a bit of context and a richer appreciation for the images/discussion to follow. â€Å"With silk-screening, you pick a photograph, blow it up, transfer it in glue onto silk, and then roll ink across so that the ink goes through the silk but not through the glue. †) The Imagery Warhol screen-printed images onto canvas in the early 1960s, and he began simultaneously to translate this technique to printing on paper. His subjects related directly to his paintings of the same period: James Cagney, the Race Riots, and Ambulance Disasters. These works on paper were printed in monochromatic tones and screened in a method that retained the graininess and immediacy of the mass media images on which they were based. Warhol considered these works to be unique drawings. Changes in the ink saturation and/or in the composition during the printing process created variations in each work. Screen-printing was ideally suited to Warhol in two distinct ways: First – technically, it allows him to harvest images from a vast bounty of sources. Secondly – he fittingly adapted a â€Å"low culture†, commercial process for the production of images chronicling life in celebrity-crazed, consumer-driven, Post-War America. One of the well-known strategies of Pop Artists – Warhol and Lichtenstein, among them – was their appropriation of the visual characteristics of mechanical reproduction (which you can see clearly here in Lichtenstein’s Ben Day dots pattern. Warhol went further than borrowing the language, employing the means of commercial printing itself. As of the 1930s, screen-printing was a widely-practiced process for the printing of posters, t-shirts, and other graphics in the US. In other words, Warhol chose this medium for its associations with the culture of advertising and shopping/consumerism. I want everybody to think alike. Russia is doing it under government. It’s happening here all by itself. I don’t think art should be only for the select few. I think it should be for the mass of American people. † But how exactly does one represent â€Å"the mass of American people†? Through it’s proxies: (A) Through the objects of its consumption : Campbell’s cans, Coke bottles, Brillo pads and Mobil Gas (B) Through the media icons it reveres, and (C) Through the images of anonymous tragic figures Disaster and death were not his primary concerns, but rather the anonymous victims of history – the masses. D and D evoke this mass subject, for in a society of spectacle this subject often appears only in stories and images of mass death. â€Å"I want to be a machine†: The History of the Print as a means/tool for social and political critique) Although screen-printing as Warhol practiced it is primarily a 20th century advent, the tradition of the print as a vehicle for disseminating ideas and information (as the vox populi) is centuries old. Among the earliest surviving printed artifacts in Western civilization are these two contradictory images: a Holy Picture on the left, and playing cards on the right. Each dates from the mid-15th century, each is the product of the same â€Å"technological innovation†, the wood block (and in the eyes of the Catholic church, working at cross purposes with one another! ) Many of the most widely reproduced and well-known prints in the Western world are images of cultural unrest and political and social critique. These are a few examples: Francisco Goya, 18th C Spanish printmaker William Hogarth, 18th C English printmaker Honore Daumier, 19th C French printmaker Kathe Kollwitz, early 20th C German printmaker Jose Guadalupe Posada, late 19th C Mexican printmaker â€Å"All of what I have to say is right there on the surface – Remarks such as this one are at times misconstrued as superficiality – a dismissal of content – suggesting to some that Warhol’s choice of imagery was indiscriminate. Especially today, Warhol is often mischaracterized through his studied, stoic affect – as an artist who felt nothing more for his work than for the contents of his local grocery store. I would argue that Warhol’s imagery is anything but indiscriminate, and is instead engaged in the popular tradition/rich heritage of the print as a means of social and political critique, especially obvious in the years between 1962 and 1980, from the â€Å"Death and Dying† series to the â€Å"Endangered Species† series. (Over this prolific period, Warhol’s ouvre included references to the Civil Rights movement, the death penalty, and of course the Cold War. Even the artists’ early celebrity portraits are shrouded with both private and public tragedy: Marilyn, Elvis, Liz Taylor, JFK and Jackie O†¦ ) To me, Warhol’s deadpan cynicism has always seemed a calculated critique of the turbulent social and political climate. It’s an ironic persona reflected in his works – an expression of apathy intended to induce the appropriate response from his viewers: shock and bewilderment that any artist, could produce images of graphic violence and human trauma with such apparent passivity. Multiplicity – The first of three formal qualities innate to printmaking â€Å"I like boring things. † â€Å"I don’t want it to be essentially the same – I want it to be exactly the same. Because the more you look at the same exact thing, the more the meaning goes away and the better and emptier you feel. † Such statements suggest a strategic, pre-emptive embrace of the very compulsive repetition that a consumerist society demands of us all. If you can’t beat it, Warhol implies, join it. More: if you enter it totally, you might expose it; you might reveal its enforced automatism through your own excessive example. These remarks reposition the role of repetition in Warhol. Here repetition is both a draining of significance and a defending against effect. This is one function of repetition in our psychic lives: we recall traumatic events in order to place them into a psychic economy. Yet the Warhol repetitions are not restorative in this way; they are not about a neutralization of trauma, for his repetitions not only reproduce traumatic effects, but sometimes produce them as well. Repetition in Warhol is neither a simple representation of the world nor a superficial image. His repetition serves to filter traumatic reality, but it does so in a way that points to this reality nonetheless. Ultimately I would suggest that Warhol’s use of the multiple functions as a form of potent cultural critique, whether it emphasizes the horror, or whether it desensitizes us to the violence in many of his images. Mutability – (â€Å"With silk-screening, you pick a photograph, blow it up, transfer it in glue onto silk, and then roll ink across so that the ink goes through the silk but not through the glue. That way you get the same image, slightly different each time. It was all so simple – quick and chancy. I was thrilled with it. †) The screen-printing technique affords artists the latitude for simple yet dramatic changes, from impression to impression. With little trouble, one can shift color, and even scale. The image can be altered through adjustments to the matrix (or stencil, in this case), or during the printing process itself, through the irregular application of ink. When I originally conceived of this talk, I intended to speak primarily to this one formal aspect of Warhol’s prints: his exploitation of the process to produce deliberate imperfections that (reflect the true disposition of his subjects) (inform the meaning behind his images. ) (further enable the content of his work. ) contribute to the flatness of his subjects – thus emphasizing their artificiality. Purposefully crude printing and mis-registration disrupt the pictorial illusion, drawing attention to the flatness of each image that, in a metaphorical sense, speaks to the nature of fame. Warhol’s arbitrary colors suggest the un-reality and artifice of each subject. These aren’t real people, but products, and you can have them anyway you want them. We construct reality the way we desire it to be – the lips are larger, more red, the hair is more golden; they remain young and beautiful forever. Marilyn image that disintegrates and fades out. Elvis that overlaps. – (silver screen/motion Recombinant Potential – The screenprint is among the most versatile of print techniques in regards to substrate. In other words, one can print on a diverse array of surfaces, including paper, wood, glass, plastics, textiles. The exhibition here at the GRAM demonstrates Warhol’s affinity for the aesthetic of the print on canvas – a practice that effectively elevated screen-print – a low-art technology of commerce – to the privileged status of painting. Their visual translation into the language of screen-printing homogenizes every subject; the queen, a skull, a shoe, a can, Marilyn, all become part of the same glossy, colorful language. In addition to one’s ability to print on a wide spectrum of surfaces, screen-printing allows an image to be â€Å"saved† (one may simply store and re-use the stencil or matrix in a later situation. Thus we see Warhol’s â€Å"vocabulary† (lexicon? ) of celebrities and other iconic images juxtaposed in shifting circumstances – being exercised in a language of signs. These (printed signs) juxtapositions can homogenize even the most horrific of images, emphasizing our mediated relationship to the trauma depicted. T his homogenization leaves space for interpretation – it can be argued that Warhol has intentionally treated the car crash and the Campbell soup as equal – not as references to the actual world. Alternately, it might be argued that the images are intended to shock a complacent consumer culture back to reality through conspicuously violent juxtapositions. By positioning such horrorific images in the proximity of the celebrity portrait, in the â€Å"low art† language of the advertisement, Warhol critiques a consumer culture lulled into apathy since the War by the numbing effects of Television, advertising, glossy celebrity tabloids, and the veritable glut of shiny new objects available for purchase on every store shelf. I’d like to congratulate the GRAM on a wonderful exhibit. Curator Richard Axsiom has done a marvelous job of pulling together a broad spectrum of Warhol’s strongest/most resonant images†¦and I’d like to invite you all downstairs/to the museum’s studio for screen-printing demonstration. THE IMAGERY: Celebrities or anonymous – these are images to represent the â€Å"masses†. Art should be for the pubic, but how do you represent the â€Å"public body†? – through the icons they look to, or the anonymous Marilyn image that disintegrates and fades out. Elvis that overlaps. – (silver screen/motion Warhol’s remark that all of what he has to say is right there on the surface is misinterpreted as mistaken as superficiality – a dismissal of content – argued that it supports indiscriminate images and passivity. I would argue that Warhol’s imagery is anything but indiscriminate, and is engaged in the long history of the print as a means of social critique. I want everybody to think alike. Russia is doing under government. It’s happening here all by itself. I don’t think art should be only for the select few. I think it should be for the mass of American people. How does one represent â€Å"the mass of American people†? Through it’s proxies, through its object of consumption, soup cans, Coke bottles. Media icons stand it for the body of the masses. Disaster and death were not his primary concerns, but rather the anonymous victims of history – the masses. D and D evoke this mass subject, for in a society of spectacle this subject often appears only in stories and images of mass death. Celebrity and anonymity represent the mass subject. Enter into/immerse himself in the language of pop culture. With silk-screening, you pick a photograph, blow it up, transfer it in glue onto silk, and then roll ink across so that the ink goes through the silk but not through the glue. That way you get the same image, slightly different each time. It was all so simple – quick and chancy. I was thrilled with it. † Warhol hand-printed unique silkscreen images on canvas in the e arly 1960s, and he began simultaneously to translate this technique to printing on paper. He experiments with subjects that directly relate to his paintings of the same period, as in Cagney, Race Riot, and the Ambulance Disaster. These works on paper were printed in monochromatic tones and screened in a method that retained the graininess and immediacy of the mass media images on which they were based. Warhol considered these works to be unique drawings. Changes in the ink saturation and/or in the composition during the printing process created variations in each work. Popular impressions of Pop reduced to candy – it was almost too effective in its critique, ceased to function as a critique – irony and sardonic qualities become eye candy only – another commodified visual confection. The profound flatness of images such as the soup cans – these images exaggerate the lack of roundness – these are cylindrical objects – void of their substance/their mass. Warhol Prints Not to overlook the obvious Flatness Repetition Imperfection Juxtaposition The multiple, mutable, recombinant image – Warhol’s prints are responding/exploiting each of the inherent potentials of the print. Reality as a mediated phenomenon is the subject of Warhol. Private fantasy and public reality is a primary concern of Warhol’s brand of Pop.

Prejudice in the Film American History X - 1422 Words

Prejudice, a preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or personal experience. The amount of prejudice differs from person to person, but no one is free from it. In the film, American History X, Derek is a great example of how prejudice someone can be. Derek agrees with the white power movement because he feels victimized and threatened by everyone who is not white, but in prison he learns his stereotypes are full of holes; from the film I learned there is no reason to hate one another based on race or stereotypes. Life is too short to live a life based on hate. Throughout the film, American History X, Derek feels victimized and threatened as a white American. He blames gangs, blacks, immigrants and even his mentor Cameron for all of Americas problems. For instance, in one of the scenes in the film, both whites and blacks were playing basketball on the local basketball court. After an argument with one of the blacks, Derek decides whoever wins the game keeps the court and who ever loses leaves for good. â€Å" If you win, we will walk outta here, but if we win, no bitching, no fighting, right here in front of everybody you pack up your shit and get your black asses outta here (American History X).† The violent game came to an end and the black gang was kicked out. Instead of kicking each other off the court, they should have shared at least half. However, Derek felt the black people dont deserve to play on the same ground as the whites. Derek claims his fathersShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie American History X 1586 Words   |  7 PagesIn the movie, â€Å"American History X†, the plot surrounds the life of two brothers who are involved with the D.O.C. a well-known white supremacist group in Venice Beach. Danny Vinyard is a high school student who admires his older brother, Derek, a former skinhead. 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While the situations and character transformationsRead MoreCharacters Filled with Hatred in Movie American History X Essay674 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican History X is an invigorating movie that takes its viewers on a journey in a well thought and unsuspecting plot. The main character is consumed with hatred for every race excluding whit e Protestants. When he encounters desocialization/resocialization in a prison, he changes his thoughts and beliefs, and they follow him even after he leaves the prison. Groupthink and deviance are both displayed in this movie thoroughly. While groupthink is accepted in society and portrayed as the norm, devianceRead MoreFilm Review of American History X1110 Words   |  5 PagesThe film American History X is rated by the users of IMDB.com (Internet Movie DataBase) as one of the 50 best films ever made. It is a crime/drama, a very violent film; not for the faint-hearted. American History X was released in 1998, and it is directed by Tony Kaye. Casting: -Edward Norton (Derek Vinyard) -Edward Furlong (Daniel Vinyard) -Avery Brooks (Dr. Bob Sweeney) -Stacy Keach (Cameron Alexander) -Beverly DAngelo (Doris Vinyard) -Jennifer Lien (Davina Vinyard) Read MoreStereotypes, Conformity, And Discrimination1742 Words   |  7 PagesPrejudices and Discrimination in American History X Abstract Stereotyping, prejudice, conformity, and discrimination are well portrayed in the movie American History X. The negative attitude held by Derek towards to black people is greatly influenced and learned from his father who was a racist. Derek also transfers these prejudice attitudes towards his younger brother Danny as he grows up seeing the racism practiced in his family and his brother. Although these attitudes are based on propagandaRead MorePrejudice, comformity and stereotyping in American History X2585 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction To The Topic American History X is a great film that portrays prejudice, stereotyping and conformity. 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His documentaries and films have been about real people and he believes film can try and save our histories, our memories